Skip to content

Element

Definition

An element (or member) of a set \(S\) is any object that belongs to \(S\).

We write \(x \in S\) to mean "\(x\) is an element of \(S\)."

Notation

SymbolMeaning
\(x \in S\)\(x\) is an element of \(S\)
\(x \notin S\)\(x\) is not an element of \(S\)

Properties

Determinacy

For any object \(x\) and any set \(S\), exactly one of the following holds: \(x \in S\) or \(x \notin S\).

Examples

Example 1

\[2 \in \{1, 2, 3\}\]

Example 2

\[4 \notin \{1, 2, 3\}\]

Example 3

\[\emptyset \notin \emptyset\]

But \(\emptyset \in \{\emptyset\}\).

  • Set — The collection
  • Subset — Containment of sets